Nearly 40% of adults and 20% of children (ages 2 to 19) in the United States are obese, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This equates to around 93.3 million individuals in the United States (CDC, 2016). Obesity is determined by dividing a person's weight in kilograms (2.2 pounds) by their height in meters squared (1 meter is approximately 3 feet 3 inches) (CDC, 2016). You may use a variety of internet calculators to figure out your BMI, such as this one. Which of the following definitions best fits your situation? Here are a few possibilities.


BMI between 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 is considered normal.

A BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 is considered obese.

Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of more than 30 kg/m2.
Is obesity a health hazard?

Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, strokes, breathing difficulties, liver disease, gallbladder disease, complications during pregnancy, and depression, to name just a few of the health concerns that can arise as a result of being obese (Bray, 2017).



a heart attack or stroke

Heart disease is more common in obese people because they have greater levels of the risk factors that lead to heart disease, such as:



Blood pressure that is too high (hypertension)

LDL (bad) cholesterol levels that are too high

Low HDL cholesterol

Blood sugar levels are too high (hyperglycemia)

These risk factors increase the likelihood that fatty deposits (atherosclerosis) may develop in your arteries, reducing blood flow. Heart attacks, heart failure, chest discomfort (angina), heart rhythm issues, and mortality are possible consequences of atherosclerosis. In addition, because the heart needs to work harder in persons who are obese, they are more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease.



Diabetic type 2

When it comes to acquiring type 2 diabetes, obesity can have a role (Riaz, 2019). Your blood sugar levels are out of whack because your body cannot regulate them. Most people's cells utilize insulin as a hormone to transport sugar from the bloodstream into their bodies, which may be used for energy. However, cells in the bodies of obese people frequently fail to respond properly to insulin. This is known as insulin resistance, which can lead to an increase in blood sugar. In addition, insulin-producing cells in your pancreas may die if your blood sugar levels remain excessive for an extended period (NIDDK, 2015). As a result, several health concerns, including heart disease, renal disease, stroke, poor blood flow, and blindness, are associated with diabetes.

Blood pressure that is too high

This extra weight and girth necessitate a more strong heartbeat to provide all of the body's tissues with oxygen and nutrients (Bray, 2017). High blood pressure (the force exerted by the blood on the walls of your blood vessels) results from this increased effort and volume. In addition, damage to the kidneys, which play an important role in controlling blood pressure, can lead to an even greater rise in blood pressure due to the increased pressure. In addition to heart disease, renal disease, and strokes, high blood pressure is a risk factor for these conditions.



Stroke

A reduced blood supply causes brain stroke due to a blood clot or damaged blood artery. Strokes are made more likely by high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Obesity increases your likelihood of developing these conditions, increasing your risk of stroke.



Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA)

Regarding risk factors for sleep apnea, obesity is one of the most prominent ones. In sleep apnea, they are breathing stops and restarts for short periods during the night. These can lead to daytime drowsiness, high blood pressure, irregular heartbeats, and possibly heart failure. As many as 60% of obese adults suffer from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (Drager, 2013). Over 300 patients with obesity and diabetes were shown to have sleep apnea in single research (Foster, 2009). In addition, overweight adults have an increased risk of developing asthma compared to their normal-weight counterparts, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (CDC, 2016).



Hepatitis B and C

A disorder is known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or fatty liver disease, can cause liver damage, scar tissue (cirrhosis), and even liver failure if fat builds up in the organ. Obesity, high cholesterol levels, and type 2 diabetes are risk factors for liver disease. Those with fatty liver disease are also more likely to develop hepatocellular carcinoma, a kind of liver cancer linked to obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders (Caldwell, 2004).
Problems during pregnancy

Erectile dysfunction (ED) in men and irregular menstrual cycles (PMS) in women can be exacerbated by obesity and make it more difficult to conceive. Having a BMI over 30 before pregnancy and gaining too much weight during pregnancy are risk factors for complications during pregnancy. Obese women have an increased risk of several pregnancy-related problems.



Inflammation of the gallbladder

There is an increased risk of gallstones in those who are obese. In the gallbladder, excess fat raises cholesterol levels, resulting in gallstones, which are painful and need surgical removal if they persist.

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